A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework for Dynamic Ecosystem Innovation for Urban Air Mobility (UAM)

Abstract

Urban Air Mobility (UAM) represents a complex, emergent socio-technical ecosystem that demands holistic orchestration rather than linear deployment. Research addressing this nascent domain often lacks integrative frameworks for managing ecosystem emergence and development. This conceptual study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR), grounded in Pragmatism and Abductive logic, to synthesize diverse theoretical traditions and construct a unified operational framework. The resulting model integrates the MIT Innovation Policy Model's focus on balanced Innovation Capacity (I-Cap) and Entrepreneurial Capacity (E-Cap), both critical for ecosystem scaling, with a rigorous multi-dimensional business model architecture. Central to defining operational logic is the Business Model Cube, characterized by its seven generic dimensions, including Value Proposition, Competence, and the internal/external Relations Axiom. These system dynamics are modeled using the Adaptive Behavioural Decision Integration Framework (ABDIF), which translates stakeholder psychology (attitude, norms) and contextual variables (regulation) into non-linear behavioral logic for dynamic simulation in high-uncertainty adoption environments. The framework provides policymakers (DGCA/MoCA) and industry stakeholders with an evidence-based blueprint. A synchronized orchestration, often implemented via a Quadruple Helix structure, is required to achieve scaled, sustainable eVTOL networks and high public acceptance by 2030–2035.