Role Of Community-Based Tourism in Empowering Marginalized Communities: Evidence From Nilgiris

Abstract

Community-Based Tourism (CBT) has emerged as a sustainable development approach that empowers marginalized communities by enabling them to actively participate in tourism planning, management, and benefit-sharing. This article examines the role of CBT in empowering marginalized communities in the Nilgiris district of Tamil Nadu, India, which is home to several indigenous tribal groups such as the Toda, Kota, Kurumba, Irula, and Badaga communities. Drawing on theoretical perspectives including Empowerment Theory, Sustainable Livelihoods Framework, and Participatory Development Theory, the article analyzes how CBT contributes to economic empowerment, social inclusion, cultural preservation, and environmental sustainability. Evidence from community tourism initiatives, eco-tourism projects, and tribal handicraft promotion programs in the Nilgiris demonstrates that CBT enhances income generation, promotes local entrepreneurship, strengthens community cohesion, and preserves traditional knowledge and cultural heritage. However, challenges such as limited infrastructure, unequal benefit distribution, lack of institutional support, and commercialization risks hinder its full potential. The study concludes that CBT can serve as an effective tool for inclusive and sustainable development if supported by appropriate policies, capacity building, and community participation mechanisms.