Analyzing the Spatial Relationship Between Population Distribution and Land Area in Sri Lanka’s Western Province

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between population distribution and land area in Sri Lanka’s Western Province, a region experiencing rapid urbanization and high population density, particularly within the Colombo, Gampaha, and Kalutara districts. Accelerated urban growth in this province has generated critical challenges related to land use, infrastructure provision, and resource allocation. To analyze these dynamics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient is employed to assess the strength and direction of the relationship between population size and land extent at the Divisional Secretariat Division (DSD) level. The study utilizes secondary data obtained from the Department of Census and Statistics (2020), including official population figures and land area measurements for each DSD. The data is systematically processed for statistical analysis, enabling the identification of meaningful relationships between population density and land availability. In addition, Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques are used to visualize spatial patterns, enhancing the interpretation of population distribution across the province. The findings indicate that urbanization patterns and land-use configurations significantly influence population distribution in the Western Province. High population densities are frequently concentrated in areas with limited land availability, intensifying competition for land, infrastructure, and essential services. This imbalance underscores the need for region-specific planning strategies that address the distinct demographic pressures faced by individual DSDs. The implications of this research are particularly important in the context of continued urban expansion, where effective land management and informed planning are essential for sustainable development. Policymakers and urban planners are encouraged to adopt data-driven strategies that align population growth with land-use planning to ensure balanced urban development. By clarifying the relationship between population distribution and land area, this study contributes valuable insights to support sustainable, resilient, and inclusive urban planning in Sri Lanka’s Western Province.