Dowry-Related Domestic Violence in India: A Sociological Analysis of Causes, Consequences, and Legal Remedies in the Post-COVID Context

Abstract

Domestic violence, particularly dowry-related violence, remains one of India’s most pervasive social evils, deeply rooted in its historical, cultural, and socio-economic structures. This study explores the phenomenon of dowry violence against women through a sociological lens, examining the systemic oppression women face under patriarchal traditions. Utilizing secondary data from government reports, scholarly articles, and NGO reports, the research investigates the causes of dowry violence, including greed, illiteracy, economic dependence, and gender inequality. The study analyses the interplay between social norms, legal frameworks, and dowry-related crimes such as bride burning, harassment, and domestic violence, further exacerbated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper discusses various sociological theories, including Patriarchal Restoration Theory, Structural Functionalism, Social Conflict Theory, and Social Disorganization Theory, to interpret the perpetuation of dowry practices in Indian society. Despite the existence of legal provisions like IPC Sections 304-B, 498-A, the Dowry Prohibition Act of 1961, and the Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act of 2005, enforcement remains inadequate. The study concludes with recommendations for a multidimensional approach involving legal reforms, education, economic empowerment, and shifts in societal attitudes to effectively combat dowry-related violence and promote gender equality.