Patterns of Migration-induced feminization in the Agricultural Workforce of Tamil Nadu

Abstract

The migration of male agricultural workers from rural Tamil Nadu to urban areas has significantly reshaped the region’s agricultural workforce, leading to the feminization of agriculture. As men move to cities in search of better employment, women increasingly take on farming responsibilities, altering traditional gender roles and household dynamics. This transition has had profound economic and social implications, affecting agricultural productivity, land ownership, and access to essential resources. Women farmers now manage crucial agricultural tasks, yet they continue to face systemic challenges, including limited access to land, financial credit, and modern farming technologies. Despite their growing participation, gender disparities persist in wages, decision-making power, and recognition of their contributions. These structural barriers hinder women’s ability to fully engage in sustainable agricultural practices and improve their economic well-being. Migration-induced feminization has also influenced rural communities, creating both opportunities and burdens for female agricultural workers. While women gain autonomy and control over farming decisions, they must also balance demanding agricultural work with domestic responsibilities, resulting in increased workloads and limited economic mobility. The absence of male laborers has made women central to maintaining rural livelihoods, but societal norms often restrict their ability to benefit fully from their expanded roles. Policy interventions play a crucial role in addressing these challenges. Government initiatives such as employment guarantee schemes and self-help groups aim to empower women, but gaps in implementation and gender biases persist. Strengthening policies that support female farmers, ensuring equitable access to resources, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices can enhance rural development and economic stability. This study underscores the importance of gender-inclusive agricultural policies to support the evolving role of women in Tamil Nadu’s farming sector. Future research should explore long-term impacts, focusing on solutions to bridge gender disparities and strengthen rural economies.